Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā plastics i ka waena o 19th.I kēlā manawa, i mea e hoʻokō ai i nā pono o ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana textile ma UK, ua hui pū nā chemists i nā kemika like ʻole, me ka manaʻo e hana i ka bleach a me ka wai.Makemake nui ka poʻe kemika i ka lanahu, ʻo ia ka ʻōpala e like me ka curd i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā kapuahi hale hana i hoʻoulu ʻia e ke kinoea maoli.

ʻO William Henry Platinum, he mea kōkua hoʻokolohua ma ka Royal Institute of Chemistry ma Lākana, ʻo ia kekahi o ka poʻe i hana i kēia hoʻokolohua.I kekahi lā, i ka holoi ʻana o ka platinum i nā mea hoʻokalakupua i hoʻokahe ʻia ma luna o ka noho o ka hale hana, ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻoluu ʻia ka lole i loko o kahi lavender i ʻike ʻole ʻia i kēlā manawa.ʻO ka loaʻa ʻole ʻana o ka platinum i komo i loko o ka ʻoihana kala a lilo i miliona miliona.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole palaki ka loaʻa ʻana o ka platinum, he mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻike ʻole ʻia no ka mea e hōʻike ana e hiki ke loaʻa nā pūhui i hana ʻia e ke kanaka ma o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā mea kūlohelohe kūlohelohe.Ua ʻike nā mea hana i ka nui o nā mea kūlohelohe e like me ka lāʻau, amber, rubber, a me ke aniani he mea liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ke kumu kūʻai a kūpono ʻole no ka hana nui ʻana no ka mea he pipiʻi a ʻaʻole lawa ka maʻalahi.ʻO nā mea synthetic kahi mea kūpono.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano ma lalo o ka wela a me ke kaomi, a hiki nō ke mālama i ke ʻano ma hope o ka hoʻoilo.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Colin Williamson, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka London Society for the History of Plastics: "I kēlā manawa, ke alo nei ka poʻe i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi koho maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻololi."
Ma hope o ka platinum, ua hui pū kekahi kanaka Pelekane ʻo Alexander Parks i ka chloroform me ka ʻaila castor e loaʻa ai kahi mea paʻakikī e like me nā antler holoholona.ʻO kēia ka plastic artificial mua loa.Manaʻo ʻo Parks e hoʻohana i kēia plastik i hana ʻia e ke kanaka e pani ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia ma muli o ke kanu ʻana, ka ʻohi ʻana, a me nā kumukūʻai hana.
Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo New Yorker John Wesley Hyatt, he mea hana ʻeleʻele, e hana i nā pōpō pila me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā pōpō pila i hana ʻia me ka niho ʻelepani.ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia, ua ʻike ʻo ia ma ka hui ʻana i ka camphor me kahi nui o ka solvent, hiki ke loaʻa kahi mea hiki ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana.Kāhea ʻo Hyatt i kēia mea he celluloid.ʻO kēia ʻano plastik hou nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana nui ʻia e nā mīkini a me nā limahana akamai ʻole.Hāʻawi ia i ka ʻoihana kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kahi mea ʻike ikaika a maʻalahi e hiki ke hana i nā kiʻi ma ka paia.
Hoʻoikaika pū ʻo Celluloid i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo home, a ua hoʻololi hope i nā moʻolelo cylindrical mua.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā plastic ma hope e hana i nā moʻolelo vinyl a me nā lipine cassette;ʻO ka hope, hoʻohana ʻia ka polycarbonate e hana i nā disc compact.
Hana ʻo Celluloid i ke kiʻi i hana me kahi mākeke ākea.Ma mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o George Eastman i ka celluloid, ʻo ke kiʻi kiʻi he leʻaleʻa kumukūʻai a paʻakikī hoʻi no ka mea na ka mea paʻi kiʻi e hoʻomohala iā ia iho.Ua hele mai ʻo Eastman me kahi manaʻo hou: ua hoʻouna ka mea kūʻai aku i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hoʻopau ʻia i ka hale kūʻai āna i wehe ai, a ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni no ka mea kūʻai.ʻO ka Celluloid ka mea mua akaka i hiki ke hana ʻia i ʻāpana lahilahi a hiki ke ʻōwili ʻia i loko o kahi pahu pahu.
I kēia manawa, ua hālāwai ʻo Eastman me kahi malihini Belgian ʻōpio, ʻo Leo Beckeland.Ua ʻike ʻo Baekeland i kahi ʻano pepa paʻi i maʻalahi loa i ka mālamalama.Ua kūʻai aku ʻo Eastman i ka mea hana a Beckland no 750,000 mau kālā ʻAmelika (e like me ka 2.5 miliona mau kālā ʻAmelika i kēia manawa).Me ke kālā ma ka lima, ua kūkulu ʻo Baekeland i hale hana.A i ka makahiki 1907 ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka plastic phenolic.
Ua lanakila nui kēia mea hou.ʻO nā huahana i hana ʻia me ka plastic phenolic me nā kelepona, nā uwea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, nā pihi, nā propellers mokulele, a me nā pōpō biliard maikaʻi loa.
Hana ʻo Parker Pen Company i nā peni punawai mai loko mai o ka plastic phenolic.I mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka ikaika o nā plastic phenolic, ua hana ka hui i kahi hōʻike ākea i ka lehulehu a hāʻule i ka peni mai nā hale kiʻekiʻe.Ua hāʻawi ka makasina "Time" i kahi ʻatikala uhi e hoʻolauna i ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka plastic phenolic a me kēia mea hiki ke "hoʻohana ʻia i mau tausani manawa"
I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hana ʻino hou ka hale hana ʻo DuPont: hana ʻo ia i ka nylon, kahi huahana i kapa ʻia ʻo silk artificial.I ka makahiki 1930, ua hoʻokomo ʻo Wallace Carothers, he kanaka ʻepekema e hana ana ma ke keʻena hana ʻo DuPont, i ke koʻokoʻo aniani i hoʻomehana ʻia i loko o kahi pūhui molekala lōʻihi a loaʻa i kahi mea elastic loa.ʻOiai ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā lole i hana ʻia me ka nylon mua ma lalo o ka wela kiʻekiʻe o ka hao, ua hoʻomau kāna mea hana ʻo Carothers i ka noiʻi.Ma kahi o ʻewalu mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻokomo ʻo DuPont i ka nylon.
Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka nylon ma ke kula, nā parachutes a me nā kaula kāmaʻa i hana ʻia me ka nylon.Akā, hoʻohana hoihoi nā wahine i ka nylon.Ma ka lā 15 o Mei, 1940, ua kūʻai aku nā wāhine ʻAmelika i 5 miliona mau kapa lole nylon i hana ʻia e DuPont.ʻAʻole lawa nā kāmeʻa nylon, a ua hoʻomaka kekahi poʻe ʻoihana e hoʻohiwahiwa i nā kāmaʻa nylon.
Akā ʻo ka moʻolelo kūleʻa o ka nylon he hopena pōʻino: ʻo kāna mea hana, ʻo Carothers, ua pepehi iā ia iho ma ka lawe ʻana i ka cyanide.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Steven Finnichell, ka mea kākau o ka puke "Plastic", "Ua loaʻa iaʻu ka manaʻo ma hope o ka heluhelu ʻana i ka diary a Carothers: Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Carothers ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea i hana ʻia e hana i nā lole wahine.Hoʻopilikia loa ʻia nā socks.He haumana ʻo ia, kahi i hiki ʻole ai ke hoʻomanawanui.Ua manaʻo ʻo ia e manaʻo ka poʻe ʻo kāna hana nui he mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hana ʻana i kahi "huahana kūʻai maʻamau."
ʻOiai ua hauʻoli ʻo DuPont i kāna mau huahana i aloha nui ʻia e ka poʻe.Ua ʻike ka poʻe Pelekania i nā mea hoʻohana he nui i ka plastic i ke kahua kaua i ka wā o ke kaua.Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻike ma ka pōʻino.Ke hoʻokō nei nā kānaka ʻepekema i loko o ka hale hoʻokolohua o ka Royal Chemical Industry Corporation o United Kingdom i kahi hoʻokolohua ʻaʻohe mea pili i kēia, a ua ʻike ʻia aia kahi wai keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma lalo o ka paipu hoʻāʻo.Ma hope o nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua, ua ʻike ʻia he mea insulating maikaʻi kēia mea.He ʻokoʻa kona ʻano me ke aniani, a hiki i nā nalu radar ke hele ma ia.Ua kapa ʻia e ka poʻe ʻepekema he polyethylene, a hoʻohana iā ia e kūkulu i hale no nā kikowaena radar e hopu i ka makani a me ka ua, i hiki ai i ka radar ke hopu i nā mokulele ʻenemi ma lalo o ka ua a me ka noe.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Williamson o ka Society for the History of Plastics: "ʻElua mau mea e alakaʻi nei i ka mea i hana ʻia i nā plastics.ʻO kekahi kumu ʻo ka makemake e loaʻa kālā, a ʻo kekahi kumu ʻo ke kaua.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā makahiki i hala aʻe nei i hana ai i ka plastic Finney maoli.Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Chell he hōʻailona o ka "kenekulia o nā mea synthetic."I ka makahiki 1950, ua ʻike ʻia nā ipu meaʻai i hana ʻia i ka plastik, nā hue, nā pahu kopa a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe o ka hale;i ka makahiki 1960, ua puka mai na noho inflatable.I nā makahiki 1970, hōʻike ka poʻe kaiapuni ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka plastics iā lākou iho.Ua emi ka hoihoi o ka poʻe i nā huahana plastik.
Eia nō naʻe, i nā makahiki 1980 a me 1990, ma muli o ke koi nui ʻana i nā plastics i ka ʻoihana kaʻa a me nā ʻoihana kamepiula, ua hoʻohui hou nā plastics i ko lākou kūlana.ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻole i kēia mea maʻamau maʻamau.He kanalima makahiki i hala aku nei, hiki i ka honua ke hana i na umi tausani tona o ka plastic i kela makahiki i keia makahiki;i kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana plastik makahiki o ka honua ma mua o 100 miliona tons.ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hana plastik makahiki ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka hui pū ʻana o ke kila, aluminika a me ke keleawe.
ʻO nā plastik houme nā mea hou e ʻike ʻia nei.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Williamson o ka Society for the History of Plastics: "E hoʻohana nā mea hoʻolālā a me nā mea hana i nā plastics i ka millennium e hiki mai ana.ʻAʻohe mea ʻohana e like me ka plastic e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻolālā a me nā mea hana ke hoʻopau i kā lākou huahana ponoʻī ma ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa loa.invent.