ʻO ka ʻōpala palaki kahi pōkole no kahi ʻōpala i hui pū ʻia no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka compression, extrusion molding, injection, blow molding a me ka hoʻoheheʻe huʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO nā loli i hoʻonohonoho ʻia o nā ʻōpala convex a me concave a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe kōkua hiki ke hana i kahi moʻo o nā ʻāpana palaki o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā nui like ʻole. ʻO nā ʻōpala palaki ka makuahine o ka ʻoihana, a ʻo nā hoʻokuʻu huahana hou i kēia manawa e pili ana i nā palaki.

ʻO ia hoʻi kahi ʻōpala wahine me kahi lua loli i haku ʻia me kahi substrate i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻōpala wahine, kahi ʻāpana ʻōpala wahine a me kahi papa kāleka i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻōpala wahine, a me kahi substrate i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻōpala convex, kahi ʻāpana ʻōpala convex, kahi papa kāleka i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻōpala kāne, kahi ʻāpana ʻoki lua a me kahi punch me kahi ʻiʻo loli i haku ʻia me nā papa composite ʻoki ʻaoʻao.
I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana o nā plastics, pono e hoʻohui ʻia nā mea kōkua like ʻole, e like me nā mea hoʻopiha, nā plasticizers, nā lubricants, nā stabilizers, nā colorants, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i ka polymer e lilo i mau plastics me ka hana maikaʻi.

1. ʻO ka resin synthetic ka mea nui loa o nā plastics, a ʻo kona ʻano i loko o nā plastics he 40% a 100%. No ka mea he nui ka ʻano, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka resin e hoʻoholo pinepine i ke ʻano o ka plastic, manaʻo pinepine ka poʻe i ka resin he synonym no ka plastic. No ka laʻana, huikau ka resin polyvinyl chloride me nā plastics polyvinyl chloride, a me nā resins phenolic me nā plastics phenolic. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻelua mau manaʻo like ʻole ka resin a me ka plastic. ʻO ka Resin kahi polymer maka i hana ʻole ʻia ʻaʻole i hoʻohana wale ʻia e hana i nā plastics, akā he mea maka hoʻi no nā uhi, nā mea hoʻopili, a me nā fibers synthetic. Ma waho aʻe o kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa o nā plastics i loaʻa ka 100% resin, pono ka hapa nui o nā plastics i nā mea ʻē aʻe ma waho aʻe o ka resin ʻāpana nui.

2. Hoʻopiha Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo Filler he mea hoʻopiha, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa wela o nā plastics a hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka pauka lāʻau i ka resin phenolic hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ke kumukūʻai, e hana ana i ka plastic phenolic i hoʻokahi o nā plastics makepono loa, a hoʻomaikaʻi nui hoʻi i ka ikaika mechanical. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hoʻopihapiha i ʻelua ʻano: nā mea hoʻopihapiha organik a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha inorganic, ʻo ka mea mua e like me ka palaoa lāʻau, nā ʻōpala, ka pepa a me nā olonā lole like ʻole, a ʻo ka mea hope e like me ke olonā aniani, ka honua diatomaceous, asbestos, a me ka ʻeleʻele kalapona.

3. Nā Mea Hoʻopilikino Hiki i nā mea hoʻopilikino ke hoʻonui i ka plasticity a me ka maʻalahi o nā plastics, hoʻemi i ka brittleness, a hoʻomaʻalahi i ka hana ʻana a me ke ʻano o nā plastics. ʻO nā mea hoʻopilikino maʻamau he mau hui organik e paila ana i ka wela, hiki ke hoʻohuihui ʻia me ka resin, ʻaʻohe ʻawaʻawa, ʻaʻohe ʻala, a paʻa i ka mālamalama a me ka wela. ʻO ka mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia he phthalate esters. No ka laʻana, i ka hana ʻana o nā plastics polyvinyl chloride, inā hoʻohui ʻia nā plasticizers hou aku, hiki ke loaʻa nā plastics polyvinyl chloride palupalu; inā ʻaʻohe a emi mai paha nā plasticizers i hoʻohui ʻia (ka nui <10%), hiki ke loaʻa nā plastics polyvinyl chloride paʻa.

4. Mea Hoʻopaʻa I mea e pale ai i ka resin synthetic mai ka palaho ʻana a me ka hōʻino ʻia e ka mālamalama a me ka wela i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, a no ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ke ola lawelawe, pono e hoʻohui ʻia kahi mea hoʻopaʻa i ka plastic. ʻO nā mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia he stearate a me ka epoxy resin.

5. Nā Mea Hoʻoluʻu Hiki i nā mea hoʻoluʻu ke hana i nā palakiko i nā kala ʻālohilohi a nani like ʻole. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻoluʻu organik a me nā pigments inorganic e like me nā mea hoʻoluʻu.

6. Lubricant ʻO ke kuleana o ka lubricant ka pale ʻana i ka plastic mai ka pipili ʻana i ka ʻōmole metala i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai, a i ka manawa like e hana ai i ka ʻili o ka plastic i laumania a nani. ʻO nā lubricants i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e komo pū me ka stearic acid a me kona paʻakai calcium a me magnesium. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea hoʻohui i luna, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā flame retardants, nā mea hoʻohua, nā mea antistatic, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka plastic.