I kēia lā, e hāʻawi wau iā ʻoe i kahi hoʻolauna pōkole i ka mōʻaukala o nā plastics.

ʻO ka plastic synthetic mua loa i ka mōʻaukala kanaka he resin phenolic i hana ʻia e American Baekeland me ka phenol a me ka formaldehyde i ka makahiki 1909, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo Baekeland plastic. Hana ʻia nā resins phenolic e ka hopena condensation o nā phenols a me nā aldehydes, a pili i nā plastics thermosetting. Ua māhele ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau i ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu: ka hana mua: polymerize mua i loko o kahi hui me kahi kekelē linear haʻahaʻa o ka polymerization; ka lua o ka hana: hoʻohana i ka mālama wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻololi iā ia i hui polymer me kahi kekelē kiʻekiʻe o ka polymerization.
Ma hope o hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, aia nā huahana plastik i nā wahi āpau a ke hoʻomau nei i ka ulu ʻana i kahi wikiwiki weliweli. Hiki i ka resin maʻemaʻe ke ʻano ʻole a moakaka a keʻokeʻo paha, no laila ʻaʻohe hiʻohiʻona maopopo a nani o ka huahana. No laila, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā huahana plastik i nā kala ʻālohilohi ua lilo ia i kuleana hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia o ka ʻoihana hana plastik. No ke aha i ulu wikiwiki ai nā plastik i loko o 100 mau makahiki wale nō? ʻO ke kumu nui no ka mea he mau pono kona:

1. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā palakiko ma kahi pae nui. (Ma oʻōmole palaki)

2. He māmā ka mānoanoa pili o ka palakiko a kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika.

3. Loaʻa i ka pala ka pale ʻana o ka palakiko.

4. He maikaʻi ka pale ʻana o ka palakiko a me nā waiwai pale wela.

Nui nā ʻano plastik. He aha nā ʻano nui o nā thermoplastics?

1. ʻO ka Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) kekahi o nā plastics kumu nui. Ma waena o nā plastics ʻelima kiʻekiʻe o ka honua, ʻo kona hiki ke hana ʻia ka lua ma hope o ka polyethylene. He paʻakikī maikaʻi ko PVC a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala, akā nele i ka elasticity, a he mea ʻawahia kona monomer.

2. ʻO Polyolefin (PO), ʻo ka polyethylene (PE) a me ka polypropylene (PP) ka mea maʻamau. I waena o lākou, ʻo PE kekahi o nā huahana plastik kumu nui loa. He haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka PP, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia, ʻaʻohe ʻala a he kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma kahi o 110 degere Celsius. ʻO kā mākoupuna palakikaHana ʻia ia me ka papa meaʻai PP.

3. Nā resins Styrene, me ka polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ʻABS) a me ka polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

4. Polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyoxymethylene (POM). Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano palakiko ma ke ʻano he mea kūkulu, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he mea ʻenekinia.

Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻike ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā palakiko i loko o nā moʻolelo mōʻaukala, a ʻo ia ka lua o ka mea i hana nui ʻia i hoʻopilikia i ke kanaka i ke kenekulia 20. He hana mana maoli nō ka palakiko ma ka honua! I kēia lā, hiki iā kākou ke ʻōlelo me ka hoʻonui ʻole: "ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ko kākou ola mai ka palakiko"!